In practice, the peace treaty has not been signed yet, but in practice the peace treaty has been initialed. Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said this in an interview with Radio France Internationale (RFI), in response to the journalist’s remark that the peace treaty with Azerbaijan has not been signed yet.

“And on August 8, 2025, the declaration of peace was adopted in Washington, and in practice, for two years—more than two years—we have not had any casualties or injuries as a result of Armenia-Azerbaijan border shootings. And let me say more: in 2024, the first bilateral, legally binding document was signed between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which was ratified in both Armenia and Azerbaijan. And that document is about the fact that in the process of border delimitation between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the Alma-Ata Declaration [of December 21, 1991] will be the basic principle for the delimitation of the borders of the two countries. And I want to record, in response to your question, that in practice—and in some sense, also de jure—peace has been established between Azerbaijan and Armenia,” Pashinyan added.

He explained his optimism in this regard by the peace being established.

“That is, today no one can say that there is a conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Since 1991, there have been casualties and wounded as a result of the exchange of fire between Armenia and Azerbaijan every year. That is, can you imagine? From 1991 to 2025, we have had casualties and wounded every year. Now we have not had any casualties and wounded for two years. Is that a basis for optimism? Secondly, practical border delimitation has already taken place between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and the border villages of our country live in peace,” said Nikol Pashinyan.

And speaking about the recent incident involving an Azerbaijani soldier, he said: "During this time, in general, over the past 30 years, there have been dozens of cases when soldiers from both sides simply got lost in the fog or for other reasons and crossed from Armenia to Azerbaijan, from Azerbaijan to Armenia—and there have been dozens of such cases. This case has nothing to do with peace and cannot in any way call peace into question. Why? Because first of all, Azerbaijan informed Armenia that a soldier from their side deserted the place of [his military] service, and they are looking for and cannot find the soldier, and based on this, there is a possibility that he may have crossed into the territory of the Republic of Armenia. According to the information available at the moment from the investigation, that soldier crossed [into Armenia], entered a house, spent one night in that house, there was no one in that house, then when the children of the owners came, they saw him, called their mother, informed [her] that there was a stranger in the house. That is, the incident, in short, has nothing to do with Armenia-Azerbaijan relations, the peace process. It’s an ordinary criminal situation."

On September 29, the State Security Service of Azerbaijan had informed the National Security Service (NSS) of Armenia that a serviceman from an Azerbaijani military unit had deserted his place of service, and it was not ruled out that he had illegally crossed the border into Armenia.

And on October 1, a local resident woman was shot in the leg in Shaki village of Armenia’s Syunik Province. According to the NSS, it was found out that this crime was committed by the aforesaid Azerbaijani serviceman, who has been detained for two months.