The House of Councilors, the upper house of the Japanese parliament, has passed a bill on "active cyber defense," which gives the government the right to monitor means of communication and to retaliate against malicious servers even in peacetime.

Also, the aforesaid bill obligates the Japanese administrations of energy, transport, and other important companies to immediately notify the authorities of any attempted hacking attacks.

The bill provides for the creation of a Japanese cybersecurity force, which will include members of the police and the army. They will be responsible for actively preventing hacking attempts and establishing secret surveillance over the activities of state agencies, private corporations, and infrastructure institutions.

And at the request of the opposition, a provision on strict observance of the constitutional provision on the confidentiality of private correspondence was included in the text of this bill.