Despite reductions since the Cold War, the world's nuclear arsenal remains considerable.

According to the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) data, nine countries had approximately 12,121 nuclear warheads by the end of 2024.

Although the total number of nuclear weapons has declined since its peak—of 70,300 warheads—in 1986, the rate of decline has slowed over the past three decades.

FAS believes that China, India, North Korea, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom—and possibly Russia—are increasing their stockpiles.